Sanyin Mata: Illolin cututtuka masu yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i (Sexually transmitted infections - STIs)

Gabatarwa:

Ƙungiyar lafiya ta duniya (world health organisation) ta ƙiyasta cewa kullum sama da mutune miliyan ɗaya suna kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar jima'i wadanda aka fi sani da sanyin mata, amma mafi yawancin cututtukan basu nuna alamomin komai kai tsaye.

Da dama daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka ana iya magance su ta hanyar shan ƙwayoyin magani amma wasu kuma ba'a iya magancesu baki ɗaya sai dai asha magani domin rage musu ƙarfi da hanasu yiwa garkuwan jiki karan tsaye.

Mene ne sanyin mata / cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar saduwa?

Masana sun fassara ma'anar sanyin mata ko cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i a matsayin cututtuka waɗanda ake iya samu ta hanyar haɗuwar fata da fata a lokacin saduwar al'aura da al'aura (vaginal sex) ko saduwar al'aura da dubura (anal sex) ko kuma saduwar al'aura da baki (oral sex). 

Saduwa ita ce hanya ta farko da ake iya samun waɗannan cututtukan, amma duk da haka, ana iya samun waɗannan cututtukan na sanyin mata ta hanyar ƙarin jini, tarayya wajen amfani da abubuwa masu kaifi ko tsini, ko kuma iyaye mata masu ciki su yaɗawa jarirai da ke cikinsu.

Ƙurajen Herpes a baki

Ire-iren sanyin mata ko cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i

Masana sun kasa cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i zuwa gida uku (3) yayin da suka yi la'akari da ƙwayoyin cututtukan da ke kawo su.

1. Bacterial sexually transmitted infections(STIs)

Waɗannan sune cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar bacteria ke kawowa. Cututtukan sun haɗa da;

• Cutar sanyin Gonorrhoe wadda ƙwayar bacteria mai suna Neisseria gonorrhoe ke kawo wa.

• Cutar sanyin Chlamydia wadda ƙwayar bacteria mai suna Chlamydia trachomatis ke kawowa.

• Cutar sanyin Sphyllis wadda ƙwayar bacteria mai suna Treponema pallidum take kawowa.

Sphyllitic rashes (Kurajen cutar sphyllis)

• Cutar chancroid wadda ƙwayar cutar bacteria mai suna Haemophilus ducreyi take kawowa.

• Cutar lymphogranuloma venereum wadda wasu ƙwayoyin cutar bacteria daga cikin iyalan Chlamydia trachomatis suke kawowa
• Cutar granuloma inguinale wadda ƙwayar cutar bacteria da ake kira Klebsiella granulomatis

2. Viral sexually transmitted infections

Waɗannan su ne cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar virus suke kawo wa. Misali:

•  Cutar ƙurajen herpes wadda ƙwayoyin cutar Herpes simplex virus suke kawowa.

Ƙurajen herpes a wasu sassan jiki

• Cutar human papilloma virus wadda ƙwayar cutar Human papilloma virus suke kawo wa.

Kurajen human papilloma virus a gaban mace 

• Cutar HIV/AIDS wadda ƙwayoyin cutar Human immunodeficiency virus suke kawo wa.
• Ciwon hanta na Hepatitis B da Hepatitis C wanda ƙwayoyin cutar Hepatitis B virus da Hepatitis C virus ke kawo wa.

3. Parasitic sexually transmitted infections

• Cutar sanyin Trichomonas wadda ƙwayar cutar parasite da ake kira Trichomonas vaginalis.

• Cutar sanyin Gadnerella wadda ƙwayar cutar parasite da ake kira Gadnerella vaginalis ke kawo wa.
• Ƙwarkwatar gashin mara: Wata cutar parasite ce wadda ƙwarin ƙwarkwata da ake kira pubic lice suke kawo wa.

Kwarin kwarkwata

• Cutar ƙazuwa (scabies); Wata cutar parasite ce wadda ƙwarin itch mites suke kawo wa.

Haka kuma, wasu masana sunyi la'akari da manyan alamomin da cututtukan jima'i ke kawowa, sun kasa cututtukan zuwa

1. Cututtukan jima'i masu kawo zubar ruwa daga al'aura (STIs with discharge) misali; Sanyin Gonorrhoe, Chlamydia, Trichomonas da Gadnerella.
2. Cututtukan jima'i masu kawo ƙuraje a al'aura (STIs with genital rashes). Misali: Herpes simplex virus, Human papilloma virus da kuma Sphyllis.
3. Cututtukan jima'i da basu kawo zubar ruwa ko ƙurajen al'aura. Misali; HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B da Hepatitis C.

Wannan kashe-kashen na biyu yana da amfani sosai wajen bada maganin gama gari wanda ake kira da turanci "syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted infections".

Alamomin sanyin mata ko cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i

Kamar yadda hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta bayyana, wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i basu nuna wata alamar komai kai tsaye. Ma'ana mutum zai iya jin kansa lafiya lau amma yana ɗauke da cutar bai sani ba, haka kuma zai iya ci gaba da yaɗa cutar tsakanin mutanen da yake jima'i dasu alhalin bai ma san yana ɗauke da cutar ba. Alamomin da cututtukan sanyin mata ke kawo wa sun haɗa da:

1. Discharge; Wannan shi ne zubar mummunan ruwa daga al'aura. Kalar ruwan ya danganta da cutar da ya kawo zubar sa, mafi yawanci ruwan yakan kasance mai wari. Ruwan yana fitowa ne daga farjin mace ko azzakarin namiji ko duburar masu luwaɗi.
2. Genital rashes or ulcers: Ƙurajen al'aura, haka ma ƙuraje zasu iya fitowa a baki, ga masu amfani da baki wajen jima'i.
3. Dysurea: Jin zafi lokacin fitsari.
4. Dyspareunia: Jin zafi a yayin jima'i.
5. Genital itching: Jin ƙaiƙayi ga al'aura.
6. Fever: Yawan zafin jiki.
7. Lower abdominal pain: Ciwon mara.
8. Irregular menses: Rikicewar jinin al'ada.
9. Inguinal lymphadenopathy: Kaluluwa.

Yadda ake maganin cututtukan sanyin mata 

Daga zarar mutum ya fara samun wasu alamomi na cututtukan jima'i ko kuma sanyin mata toh ya wajaba gareshi ya garzaya zuwa asibiti domin tantance cutar da ke damunsa da kuma maganinta. Maganin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i ya danganta da ƙwayar cutar da ta kawo su.

Ana amfani da magungunan antibiotics domin magance cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar bacteria suke kawowa.

Misali. Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Flagyl, Doxycycline don magance cutar Chlamydia da Gonorrhoe, Penicillins don magance cutar Sphyllis. Cutar Gadnerella duk da cewa cuta ce wadda ƙwayoyin parasite ke kawo wa, amma ana amfani da magungunan antibiotics wajen magance ta, magungunan da ake amfani su ne Ornilox, Ofloxacin+Clindamycin, da flagyl da dai sauransu.

Ana amfani da magungunan antivirals domin magance cututtukan jima'i waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar virus suke kawo wa. Misali Aciclovir ko Valaciclovir domin magance ƙurajen Herpes, Anti-retrovirals domin maganin cutar HIV. Ana yin aikin tiyata domin cire miyagun ƙurajen da Human papilloma virus yake kawowa.

Ana amfani da magungunan shafawa da ake kira anti-parasitic lotions domin magance ƙwarƙwatar gashin mara.

A lura cewa idan mutum ya kamu da ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan jima'i toh dole ne sai anyi masa magani tare da duk waɗanda yake yin jima'i dasu ko da lafiyar su ƙalau. Kuma dole su daina yin jima'i har sai sun gama shan magani.

Misali, idan mutum ya kamu da cutar sanyin Gonorrhoe kuma yana da mata huɗu, toh dole ne dashi da duka matansa huɗu sun sha magani, kuma dole su daina yin jima'i har sai bayan sun gama shan magani baki ɗaya. Haka kuma idan mace ɗaya daga cikinsu ta samu cutar, toh dole da mijin da sauran matan duka su sha magani ko da lafiyar su ƙalau.

Illolin cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i - Sanyin Mata 

1. Rashin haihuwa
2. Rashin jin daɗin jima'i
3. Ƙurajen al'aura
4. Tsukewar bututun fitsarin maza
   
5. Cutar sanyin Sphyllis tana iya taɓa ƙwaƙwalwa
6. Ramewa
7. Shiga yanayin ƙunci.
8. Mutuwar garkuwar jiki - HIV/AIDS ke kawo wannan
9. Yaɗuwar cututtukan zuwa cikin kwankwaso
10. Kawo cutar sanyin mara
11. Cutar sanƙarar bakin mahaifa - HPV ke kawo wannan.
12. Ciwon hanta da kuma cutar sanƙarar hanta - Hepatitis B da Hepatitis C ke kawo wannan.

Ya zan kare kaina daga kamuwa da cututtukan sanyin mata?

1. Yin aure da kuma tsayawa ga abokin jima'i ɗaya kacal.
2. Daina yin jima'i baki ɗaya.
3. Amfani da robar kariya ta condom.
4. Amfani da robar kariya ta baki da ake kira "dental dam" ga masu yin jima'i da baki.
5. Allurorin riga-kafi, misali riga-kafin cutar HPV da kuma Hepatitis B.
6. Saurin neman magani ga waɗanda cututtukan suka kama.

Kammalawa

Cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i cututtuka ne waɗanda ake iya samu ta hanyar saduwar fata da fata a lokacin da ake yin jima'i. Waɗannan cututtuka ba koyaushe suke nuna alamomi ba kai tsaye. Ana amfani da magungunan antibiotics, antivirals da kuma anti-parasitics wajen magance waɗannan cututtuka. Idan kun amfana da wannan rubutu toh ku tofa albarkacin bakinku a cikin akwatin sharhi da ke ƙasa, kuma ku turawa yan uwa domin suma su amfana. Yin haka zai ƙara mana ƙwarin gwiwa.

Haka kuma zaku iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin kasancewa damu damu a koda yaushe da kuma samun ingantattun bayanan mu a cikin sauki. Ku danna wannan domin shiga: Lafiyata Group 3. 

Nassoshi

1. Tricia J. Brown, Angela Yen-Moore, Stephen K. Tyring,

An overview of sexually transmitted diseases. Part I,

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,

Volume 41, Issue 4,

1999,

Pages 511-529,

ISSN 0190-9622,

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(99)80045-0.

2. Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. Erratum in: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Aug 28;64(33):924. PMID: 26042815; PMCID: PMC5885289.