Hanyoyin kamuwa da yadda ake daukar cutar kanjamau ko tsida (HIV/AIDS)

 Gabatarwa

 Cutar kanjamau (tsida) ko kuma HIV/AIDS cuta ce mai karya garkuwar jikin bil'adama, Don kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, dole ne jinin da yake dauke da cutar, ko maniyyi ko ruwan farji ya shiga jikin mutum. Wannan na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa(1).

Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau (tsida) HIV/AIDS

1. Ta hanyar jima'i. 

Wannan ita ce babbar hanyar da cutar kanjamau tafi yaduwa, ana iya kamuwa da cutar idan mutum ya yi jima'i ta kofar farji, dubura ko ta baki da wanda ke dauke da cutar kanjamau. Ƙwayoyin cutar suna shiga a cikin jinin mutum ne yayin jima'i a lokacin da jinin mai dauke da cutar, ko maniyyinsa, ko ruwan farjin mace mai dauke da cutar suka shiga jikin abokin jima'i. Kwayar cutar na iya shiga jikin abokin jima'i ta hanyar dan ƙwasgane ko dan gogewa dake faruwa akan zakari, farji, baki ko dubura yayin jima'i(1).

 2. Ta hanyar tarayya wajen amfani da abubuwa masu kaifi ko tsini.

 Tarayya wajen amfani da gurɓataccen kayan aikin asibiti masu kaifi kamar irinsu allura da sirinji, ko ma wasu abubuwa masu kaifi wadanda bana asibiti ba kamar irinsu reza da wuka da alluran ɗinki, yana jefa mutum cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtuka, kamar ciwon hanta(2). Cutar tana yaɗuwa ta wannan hanya ne idan mutum ya soki kansa da tsini ko kaifin da ya taɓa sukan wanda ke dauke da cutar kanjamau. 

 3. Ta hanyar karin jini

 A wasu lokuta, ana iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar ƙarin jini. Asibitoci da bankunan jini suna gwaje-gwaje domin tantance dukkan jinin da aka bayar da za'a saka ma wani don rage yaɗuwar cutuka ta wannan hanyar. Don haka wannan haɗarin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai a cikin Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu matsakaicin ƙarfi. Haɗarin yafi zama mafi girma a cikin ƙasashe masu karamin karfi waɗanda ba za su iya tantance duk jinin da aka bayar ba(2).

4. Lokacin ciki ko haihuwa ko ta hanyar shayarwa

Iyaye mata da suka kamu da cutar za su iya ba da kwayar cutar ga jariransu a lokacin da suke dauke da cikin su ko yayin haihuwa ko ma ta hanyar shayarwa. Uwayen da ke da cutar kanjamau kuma suka fake shan maganin cutar yadda ya kamata yayin da suke da ciki na iya rage haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar zuwa ga jariransu sosai.

Hanyoyin yaɗuwar kanjamau da kuma wadanda baya yaduwa 

 Hanyoyin da cutar kanjamau (HIV/AIDs) ba ta yaduwa

 Ba za a iya kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ta hanyar mu'amala ta yau da kullum da ma ɗauke da cutar ba. Wannan yana nufin ba za ku iya kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ko tsida ta wadannan hanyoyi ba(3).

• Rungume wanda keda cutar kanjamau ko tsida
• Sumbatar wanda ke dauke da cutar (ko da sumbatar baki da baki ce)
• Cin abinci tare da mai cutar kanjamau a kwano daya 
• Bacci a kan gado daya ba tare da saduwa ba
• Sallama ko gaisawa tare da mai cutar (ko da sallama ko gaisuwar hannu da hannu ce ko)
• Kanjamau (HIV) baya yaduwa ta hanyar shaƙar iska.
• Shan ruwa a kofi daya da mai dauke da cutar 
• Amfani da ban ɗaki (Toilet) daya tare da mai dauke da cutar kanjamau.
• Fira da tafa hannu da mai ɗauke da cutar kanjamau 
• Cutar kanjamau HIV AIDS bata yaɗuwa ta hanyar cizon sauro ko wasu ƙwari.

 Mutanen da suka fi kowa haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau (tsida) HIV/AIDS

Mutanen da sukafi kowa yiyuwar kamuwa da cutar HIV/AIDS su ne wadanda sukafi kowa mu'amala da masu ɗauke da wannan cutar. Zamu iya ganinsu kamar haka(4):

• Maza ko mata masu yin zina
• Karuwai
• Yan luwadi
• Yan madigo
• Masu ɗauke da ƙuraje a al'aura 
• Ma'aikatan asibiti
• Direbobin mota masu doguwar tafiya
• Yan ƙwaya masu maye da alluran sirinji
• Masu yin zanen tatoe da wadanda ake yiwa
• Masu jinyar mutane
• Sojoji
• Mahauta da masunta
• Yaran da ake yiwa kaciyar gargajiya ko cire hakin wuya
• Askin wanzamai
• Wadanda ake yiwa ƙaho a wurin wanzami
• Matan da aka yiwa kaciya
• Matan da aka yiwa fyade
• Matan da mazan su ke yin zina 

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan rubutu munga hanyoyi da dama da ake kamuwa da cutar kanjamau HIV/AIDS, munga cewa hanyar jima'i itace babbar hanyar da akafi kamuwa da wannan cutar. Haka kuma munga cewa akwai mu'amala da cutar bata yaɗuwa ta hanyar su.

Idan mai kuna da tambaya sai kuyi a cikin akwatin sharhi dake ƙasa, Insha Allah zamu karba ba tare da jinkiri ba. Haka kuma zaku iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin kasancewa damu damu a koda yaushe da kuma samun ingantattun bayanan mu a cikin sauki. Ku danna wannan domin shiga: Lafiyata Group 3. 

Nassoshi

1. Oral transmission of HIV Rothenberg, Richard B.1,4; Scarlett, Margaret2; del Rio, Carlos3; Reznik, David3; O'Daniels, Christine3, AIDS 12(16):p 2095-2105, November 12, 1998.

2. Sexual transmission of HIV: infectiousness and prevention Vernazza, Pietro L.*; Eron, Joseph J.†; Fiscus, Susan A.‡; Cohen, Myron S. AIDS 13(2):p 155-166, February 4, 1999.

3. Bayanin Mayor Clinic akan alamomi da kuma yadda ake kamuwa cutar kanjamau (HIV/AIDS)

4. Alamomin HIV/AIDS daga kungiyar HIV ta duniya

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