Bayani Game Da Alamomin Ciwon Koda Da Abubuwan Da Ke Kawo Shi

Gabatarwa

Ciwon koda wanda idan yayi tsanani ake kira da gazawar koda, ya ƙunshi raguwar aikin koda sannu a hankali. Ciwo ne da ke faruwa a lokacin da ƙoda ta kasa yin aikinta yadda ya kamata. 

Babban aikin  koda shi ne tace sharar dake samuwa bayan abinci ya narke a cikin jini da tace ruwa mai yawa daga cikin jini, wanda sai ta fitar da wannan sharar da ruwan a matsayin fitsari. 

Haka kuma koda ita ce ke da alhakin daidaita mafi yawancin sinadaran electrolytes da ke cikin jini (body electrolytes). Har wayau koda tana samar da wasu sinadaran hormones masu amfani a cikin jini kamar irinsu sinadarin renin da kuma sinadarin erythropoietin(1).

Ciwon koda yana faruwa ne a lokacin da kodar mutum ta gaza yin waɗannan ayyuka nata  sakamakon wani rashin lafiya da ya same ta. Gazawar koda ya kan sa ruwa da sharar dake samuwa bayan abinci ya narke su taru a cikin jini. Hakan kuma ya kan sa barkacewa da hauhawar wasu sinadarai a cikin jini(1).

A farkon ciwon koda, kuna iya samun 'yan alamomin ciwon koda amma mafi akasari ba za ku gane cewa kuna da ciwon koda ba har sai ciwon yayi nisa, idan kodar ta fara gazawa.

Magance ciwon koda yana mai da hankali ne kan rage ci gaban lalacewar koda, yawanci ta hanyar magance ko sarrafa sanadin da ya kawo ciwon kodar. Amma duk da haka wani sa'ilin, sarrafa sanadin ba zai hana lalacewar koda ta ci gaba ba. 

Cututtukan koda na iya ci gaba zuwa gazawar koda na matakin ƙarshe, a yayin da kodar mutum zata gaza aiki baki ɗaya. Dole sai an dangana da wankin jini ta hanyar amfani da injimi (dialysis) akai-akai ko kuma ayiwa mutum aikin dashen koda(1).

Alamomin Ciwon Koda 

Alamomin ciwon koda suna faruwa ne sannu-sannu idan lalacewar koda ta ci gaba a hankali. Rashin aikin koda yana haifar da tarin ruwa da sharar narkakken abinci da kuma barkacewar wasu sinadaran jini kamar yadda mukayi bayani a baya. 

Alamomin da mai ciwon koda zai fuskanta sun danganta da tsananin ciwon, kadan daga cikin alamomin ciwon koda sun hada da:

1. Yawan tashin zuciya
2. Yawan amai
3. Rashin cin abinci ko rashin jin dadin abinci 
4. Yawan jin kasala
5. Saurin gajiya da raunin jiki
6. Matsalolin barci
7. Yawan yin fitsari 
8. Rashin yin fitsari akai-akai 
9. Rage kaifin tunani
10. Ciwon tsokokin jiki
11. Yawan kaikayin jiki
12. Yawan yin shakuwa
13. Kumburin fuska da idanu 
14. Kumburinn ƙafafu da idon sawu
15. Bushewar fata da ƙaiƙayi
16. Hawan jini wanda ke da wahalar sarrafawa
17. Wahalar numfashi, idan ruwa ya taru a cikin huhu
18. Ciwon ƙirji, idan ruwa ya taru a kusa da murfin zuciya
19. Ciwon ciki mai radadi.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa, alamomin ciwon koda galibi ba su keɓanci ciwon koda kaɗai ba. Wannan yana nufin wasu cututtuka kuma na iya haifar da waɗannan alamomin ba sai ciwon koda kaɗai ba. Haka kuma, ciwon koda baya nuna alamomi kai tsaye, har sai lalacewar da koda ba za ta iya jurewa ba ta faru(2).

Abubuwan da ke kawo ciwon koda 

Ciwon koda yana faruwa ne lokacin da wata cuta ko wani yanayi ya ɓata koda ko ya kawo cikas a gudanar da aikin koda wanda har hakan yayi sanadiyyar gazawar koda. Hakan yana haifar da lalacewar koda wanda zai fara sannu-sannu har ya tsananta bayan wasu yan watanni ko shekaru.

Cututtuka da yanayin da ke haifar da ciwon koda na tsawon lokaci sun haɗa da(2):

1. Ciwon sukari nau'i na farko ko nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu.
2. Hawan jini.
3. Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-low-nuh-FRY-tis), kumburin sassan koda masu aikin tace shara (glomeruli).
4. Shan magungunan gargajiya barkatai
5. Amfani da wasu magungunan bature na tsawon lokaci, kamar irinsu magungunan tarin fuka, maganin gentamicin da kuma antibu dangin aminoglycosides.
6. Yawan amfani da magungunan ciwon jiki na tsawon lokaci.
7. Interstitial nephritis (in-tur-STISH-ul nuh-FRY-tis), kumburin tubules na koda da  kewayensu.
8. Cutar Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), wani ciwon koda ne da ake gado.
9. Toshewar hanyar fitsari, daga yanayi kamar ciwon dajin prostate, duwatsun koda, duwatsun mafitsara, tsukewar. bututun fitsari da wasu cututtukan daji.
10. Vesicoureteral (ves-ih-koe-yoo-REE-tur-ul) reflux, yanayin da ke sa fitsari ya koma cikin koda.
11. Cutar infection na koda, wanda kuma ake kira pyelonephritis (pie-uh-low-nuh-FRY-tis)

Haka zalika akwai wasu yanayi ko cututtuka dake kara saka mutum a cikin hadarin kamuwa da ciwon koda Misali:

1. Masu ciwon hanta
2. Masu ciwon zuciya
3. Wanda da aka haifeshi da wata matsala a koda
4. Masu yan'uwa ko iyalai da keda ciwon koda
5. Masu shan sigari
6. Masu yawan shan barasa (giya)
7. Masu kiba (taiba)
8. Tsofaffi sun fi yara samun ciwon koda
9. Bakaken fata sunfi turawa samun ciwon koda
10. Masu amfani da man shafawa mai kone fata (man bleaching ko bleaching creams)
11. Masu amfani da sabulun wanka mai kone fata (bleaching soups).

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan rubuta munyi tsokaci game da mene ne ciwon koda, alamomin sa da kuma abubuwan da ke kawo ciwon koda. Ku biyo mu a rubutu na gaba zamu ga illolin ciwon koda da kuma yadda mutum zai kare kansa daga kamuwa da wannan ciwon. Ku biyo mu a rubutu na gaba zamu yi bayani game da Illolin ciwon koda da kuma yadda mutum zai kare kansa daga kamuwa daga ciwon.

Idan mai kuna da tambaya sai kuyi a cikin akwatin sharhi dake ƙasa, Insha Allah zamu karba ba tare da jinkiri ba. Haka kuma zaku iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin kasancewa damu damu a koda yaushe da kuma samun ingantattun bayanan mu a cikin sauki. Ku danna wannan domin shiga: Lafiyata Group 3. 

Nassoshi 

1. Bayanin ciwon koda da alamomin sa a harshen turanci na Mayor Clinic.

2. Symptom Management of the Patient with CKD: The Role of Dialysis Cabrera, Valerie Jorge*; Hansson, Joni*; Kliger, Alan S.; Finkelstein, Fredric O. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12(4):p 687-693, April 2017. | DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01650216